Price Differences Associated with Quality Essay

Price Differences Associated with Quality - Essay Example This paper will critically analyze the price differences associated with quality by giving a specific focus on imperfect competition and price differences. Effects of grade quality on demand According to an observation, â€Å"grade quality is the distinguishing feature or grade of the product in appearance, performance, life, reliability, taste, odor, and maintainability etc; these are generally called as quality characteristics† (Charantimath, 1). The grade quality or quality characteristics can have a great influence on the demand of a product because quality and price are the major determinants of a product’s market demand. Economic theories state that a change in quality can make a shift in the demand curve. When two identical products with different quality levels are available in the market at the same price, consumers would buy the product having superior quality. To illustrate, demand for Giordano’s pizza is greater than that of Papa John’s at a gi ven price. It happens because consumers believe that Giordano’s pizza has higher quality and therefore it would better satisfy their needs than Papa John’s pizza would do. ... It is observed that modern people are able to determine their needs precisely; hence, they can accurately identify product quality characteristics that are necessary to serve those needs. It is obvious that improved quality characteristics may better serve an individual’s needs. In other words, a consumer would get greater level of utility from a product with higher grade quality. Generally, a consumer always tries to acquire increased utility with minimum amount of money. In short, it can be stated that a product with higher grade quality will have increased market demand or demand is positively affected by grade quality. Referring to the law of demand, it is clear that the price of a product is directly proportional to its market demand. As discussed earlier, a product with higher grade quality will have a high level of market demand which in turn leads to an increase in its price. Maintenance of quality-price relationship is necessary for stabilizing an economy. To illustra te, majority of the agricultural products have predetermined grade quality standards and hence their price considerably varies in accordance with grade quality changes. Agricultural yields with a lower quality are paid minimum prices while marketers are ready to pay higher for high quality agricultural yields (â€Å"Grain marketing plans for farmers†). However, the law of diminishing marginal utility is also applicable to quality-price relationship. The law states that utility derived from the consumption of a product diminishes with each unit of the same product additionally consumed. Hence, a product’s price will not be increased beyond a certain level if a person continuously consumes a

Spain’s Golden Age Essay Example for Free

Spain’s Golden Age Essay Spain was at its most glorious stately place in the 17th Century, at the time when Miguel de Cervantes wrote his classic novel, â€Å"Don Quixote†. The country had established its colonies all over the world, controlling Mexico, Peru, Cuba, the Americas, and even going as far as Asia, in the Philippines. Silver and gold poured in to catapult Spain in economic and political splendor, making it the world’s superpower at that time. Historians call this period the golden age of Spain. However, it was also during this glorious era that Spain had ruthlessly suffered its inevitable defeat, the most popular of which is the destruction of the Spanish armada in 1588, by English forces. Because of this, the country found itself in an atypical, conflicting period, a period wherein a new age was rising to the surface, a period wherein the country was suspended between grandeur and degradation. While the cause of Spain’s decline is debatable, one thing is historically certain: its kings were having trouble with managing the vast territories, and numerous antagonistic events, like the plague in Castille that claimed many Spanish lives, contributed to the country’s saddening fate. Catholicism, Spain’s dominant religion was also on the decline, spurring conflicts against other religions like Islam and Protestantism, stemming from the crusades in earlier history. These noteworthy historical occurrences are evident in â€Å"Don Quixote†, since the novel illustrates the highly diverse Spanish sociological and political experience at that time. However, it is Cervantes’ personal experience, sociological and political, that serves as the most potent source of the novel. It contains elements in parallel with the novelist’s own life; for instance, the Algerian pirates appearing on the Spanish coast, the Moors being exiled, the Spanish prisoners failing to escape are similar events in Cervantes’ own life. Spain: The 17th Century Superpower Page 04 The sociological and political structure of 17th Century Spain had a direct, powerful influence in the writing of Spain’s classic golden novel. The Romances: Spain’s 17th Century Literary Tradition The dominant literary tradition in this â€Å"golden age† was the chivalric romances. Spain’s Arts and Humanities were loaded with popular writings of knights upholding chivalry. The main characters of these stories and verses were knights who set out protecting and saving those who are weak, who go from one place to another to do good deeds. The romances contained melodramatic tones and exaggerated heroic feats that the emotions illustrated seemed to be too sentimental, and the events portrayed seemed to be too heroically impossible. The main character of the novel â€Å"Don Quixote,† was also a knight who set out to save people, but he was portrayed in a humorous light, and his adventures were played out in such a ridiculous way that it was clear the novel is a parody, a mockery of the chivalric romances so popular in Cervantes’ time. The novel, in this context, was a scathing commentary of the literary tradition of the romances. The upholding of chivalric ideals in the novel, however, produced another commentary on Spain’s 17th century literary tradition, this one being quite positive. Cervantes was careful not to assail the code of chivalry because he himself believed in it. The ideals may be communicated in a humorous manner, and through a humorous character, but the message was quite evident: the belief in chivalric ideals is never wrong. â€Å"Don Quixote† was a novel that educated its readers at the time when they most needed such an instruction. The decline of Spain was apparent, and yet its literati favored romantic literature which subscribed to impossible feats and exaggerated Spain’s Golden Age Page 05 characters. The wide acceptance and phenomenal success of â€Å"Don Quixote† only proved that Spain’s literary market truly appreciated the enlightenment provided by Cervantes. Springboard for the Novel, â€Å"Don Quixote† The historical context and the literary culture of Spain in the 17th century served as major prompters for the writing of â€Å"Don Quixote. † We can clearly see that Miguel de Cervantes was greatly influenced by the sociological, political and literary conditions in his time that he incorporated and used these real-life elements in his novel. Cervantes relied on his social and political experience to produce a literary work that reverberates with sociological and political themes, themes which are in perfect consonance with his real-life setting. Spain’s dual condition of grandeur and degradation in his time prompted Cervantes to explore the themes of human identity and morality, providing a commentary on the social mores. More importantly, the novel is rich with historical influences, of events that actually happened in 17th century Spain. The literary culture of 17th century Spain, on the other hand, played a key role in the writing of â€Å"Don Quixote,† for very obvious reasons. The chivalric romances popular at that time made the novel an interesting, radical read because it departs from its formula. The characters, Don Quixote and his loyal squire Sancho Panza, embody the chivalric ideals upheld by the romances, but they also destroy the image of the impossibly heroic knight by being humorous caricatures of chivalry. Moreover, their ridiculous adventures make a mockery of the exaggerated heroic feats portrayed in the romances. These influences are strongly pronounced in the text of â€Å"Don Quixote† thereby proving that Miguel de Cervantes was a writer who used his golden age experience to write a golden novel. Spain’s Golden Age Page 06 References Barrio, J. F. (2007). The golden century. Si, Spain. Retrieved November 17, 2007 from SiSpain. org. /http://www. sispain. org/english/language/golden. html/ Phillips, B. and Davidson, S. (2007). SparkNote on Don Quixote. Retrieved November 17, 2007 from cgi. sparknotes. com. /http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/donquixote/.

Severe Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia in Pregnancy

Severe Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia in Pregnancy Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in pregnancy: Disparities in healthcare system between low and high income countries Introduction To create achievement in this modern era of society,reproductive health of women has an unlimited impacttowards national, international and global health concerns. Among them, severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia areglobal health problems which contribute towards increased postpartum psychosis,increasedlifelong hypertension and other health related issues which inflatesthe percentage towards 2-8% of all pregnancies and related with 9-26% of maternal deaths internationally and 15% of preterm births (World Health Organization, 2005). Severe pre- eclampsia, eclampsia, sepsis, unsafe abortion, post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) and prolonged labour are the major derivativesof maternal death worldwide (Duley, 2009; Steegers et al, 2010). As stated by Millennium Development Goals report 2015, later 1990, the maternal death ratio has declined by 45 percent worldwide, and most of the reduction has occurred after 2000. Most of the reduction has occurred after 2000. The percentage of maternal mortality had diminished by 64 percent from 1990 to 2013 globally. Whereas, in Sub-Saharan Africa   it dropped by 49 percent (United Nation MDG Report, 2015). Getting all antenatal visits, using contraceptive methods prior and after pregnancy period, willing to allow skilled birth attendant to assist in the process of childbirth, media advertisement of the adverse effects of home delivery etc. have supported towards maintaining the decrease drift of the maternal mortality ratio after 2000. Within Northern Africa, an improved ratio of 59 percentages in mortality rate has shown in 1990 in the MDG report, 2015. The quantity of expectant women who obtained four or more than four antenatal visits raised from 50 percent to 89 percent since 1990 to 2015. Contraceptive manifestation among women aged 15 to 49, married or in a harmony, increased from 55 percent to 64 per cent in the year between1990 to 2015 globally. Skill health personnel globally assisted over and above, 71 percent of births in 2014 which helps to fall the death rate during delivery (United Nation MDG Report, 2015). Justification/ Rationale The predicted trend of maternal death was 183 in 2005 (World Health Organization, 2005). The fifth attention of Millennium Development Goal was 75% diminution of the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from 1990 to 2015. From 1990 to 2015, maternal mortality worldwide dropped by 44% (WHO, UNICEF, World Bank, 2016). Roughly, 830 women die from pregnancy and childbirth related medical issues globally per day according to the (WHO fact sheet, November 2016). Between 2016 and 2030, according to the Sustainable Development Goals target, we aim at dropping the maternal mortality ratio which is fewer than 70 maternal deaths per 1 million live child birth worldwide by 2030 (Alkema et al., 2016). Severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are the main causes of death of childbearing mother. These diseases help to develop postpartum psychosis and lifelong hypertension after giving childbirth so that if the mother stays alive she gets these groups of diseases afterwards which leads towards decrease in QALY (Quality adjusted life Index) by adding an amount of maternal morbidity ratio which is a threat to conceive further. In these regards, I am concentrating on the topics of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia now, which can be prevented by prudent and proactive management of respective health care system. Healthcare system varies in different socio-economic condition of the country e.g. the United Kingdom abide by the rules of Beveridge Model whereas low income countries e.g. south Asia, South Africa stands by Out-of-Pocket Model. Among the four basic models (Beveridge model, Bismark model, national health insurance model, out of pocket model), the Beveridge model is arranged and funded by the government through income tax payment or National Insurance. It is perhaps the worlds purest model of Health care system. United Kingdom is following this model where we do not need to pay any doctors bill, which is a progressive facilitator towards reducing maternal mortality on the way to attaining goals and encouraging people towards getting more and more touch with the physicians. On the other hand, poor nations e.g. South Africa, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, etc. counties are following the out of pocket model whereas they do not have any organized healthcare system. The basic rule in much model is the rich gets the medical care because they could provide healthcare professionals with monetary amounts and the poor lag behind and die. Besides, there is scarcity of knowledge, education, and vehicle to go to a doctor even in case of life threatening condition of those people. Moreover, women are portrayed as a second gender in those deprived countries so there are also inequities in social position, which leads them towards lack of access to the health care system. Sometimes there are other issue which lead pregnant women to stay at home and deliver babies such as environmental hazards e.g. flood, drought, heavy rain, tornado, etc. Living in geographically hard to reach areas, cultural trends, natural disasters make them to do so. This health care system of Beveridge model achieves 0% maternal mortality ratio in 2015 in case of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia related maternal mortality ratio (REF). So to reduce maternal death related to eclampsia and pre-eclampsia in low income countries, we can follow this best models management system. In most the articles, literatures, journals had taken the data of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia together because eclampsia is the end stage of pre-eclampsia condition including convulsion, so it is nearly impossible to discuss them separately. For this above reason, I am discussing both of the issues altogether as an overall view. A significant number of perinatal deaths of mother in some areas of the world reflects discrimination in access to health facilities and highlights the gap between rich and poor. Maternal mortality and morbidity are higher among the poor rural populations in developing nations. Practically all maternal demises (99%) occur in developing countries. For an example in sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of these maternal deaths occur as well as in South Asia, nearly one-third of these unpredictable deaths occur due to the delicate and humanitarian settings. According to the recent data of World health organization, the maternal mortality ratio in developing countries in 2015 was 239 per 1 million live births opposed to 12 per 1 million live births in developed countries (WHO Factsheet, 2016). In rural Bangladesh, more than 75% of neonatal births as well as delivery occur at home in the absence of skilled birth attendant (Sikder et al., 2014). As a consequence, the majority of obstetric complications defined as acute conditions such as sepsis, eclampsia, haemorrhage, and obstructed labour that can cause maternal deaths arise in the home (Belizà ¡n, Buekens, Althabe, Bergel, 2006) Healthcare system professionals are more in quantities in the urban setting than in the rural healthcare system in the out-of-pocket model, whereas we can see the equal distribution of caregivers and physicians in Beveridge Model.

What is Means to be Successful :: essays research papers

Success The American heritage dictionary defines success as, â€Å"An event that accomplishes its intended purpose.† The definition certainly looks precise and is theoretically a strong statement. The definition of success varies drastically due to the individual perception in accordance with the situation. Success can be defined in various forms. There might be numerous ways in which an individual gratify them self as being successful. How can one achieve success? To be successful one must achieve all four levels of success i.e. personal, financial, academic and social. Individual ability to maintain strong family and martial relationships would be considered as a success on personal level. Jonathan A. Harris, a senator from Connecticut describes success as, â€Å"Going home at night with a smile and being able to sleep. And talking out someone’s recycling.† Personal relationships play an important part in people’s lives. A sound relationship with family members generates support. The amount of care and affection engendered from being married develops a solid relationship. Friends are another aspect in this category, which play a major role. Friends are there whenever or wherever they are required. Having a lot of friends expresses a message that an individual has self confidence. Personal success comes with a long lasting relationship. Financial success comes with proper money management, reliable income and savings. Being financially successful does not necessarily mean to have a six figure income. Financial success comes with a better understanding of the value of money and utilizing it wisely. â€Å"You have reached the pinnacle of success as soon as you become uninterested in money, compliments, or publicity.† quotes Thomas Wolfe, a great twentieth century writer. People might be generating a very high or low income but if they can utilize their income in proper way they would obtain a solid financial stability. Saving is another key aspect to expedite financial success. People who have tendency to save would attain a rigid financial strength. Generally being successful on an academic level would be to attain at least a bachelor degree and to be professional utilizing education in a practical manner. Felix E. Schelling, an American educator articulates that, â€Å"True education makes for inequality, the inequality of individuality, the inequality of success, the glorious inequality of talent, of genius.† Definitely educational success is associated with the level of education attained. The journey of education begins at a tender childhood age and lasts untills the end. It’s a life long learning experience.

Part Six Chapter III

III Andrew had refused a lift back to Hilltop House, so it was only Tessa and Fats in the car together, and Fats said, ‘I don't want to go home.' ‘All right,' Tessa replied, and she drove, while talking to Colin on the telephone. ‘I've got him †¦ Andy found him. We'll be back in a bit †¦ Yes †¦ Yes, I will †¦' Tears were spattering down Fats' face; his body was betraying him; it was exactly like the time when hot urine had spilt down his leg into his sock, when Simon Price had made him piss himself. The hot saltiness leaked over his chin and onto his chest, pattering like drops of rain. He kept imagining the funeral. A tiny little coffin. He had not wanted to do it with the boy so near. Would the weight of the dead child ever lift from him? ‘So you ran away,' said Tessa coldly, over his tears. She had prayed that she would find him alive, but her strongest emotion was disgust. His tears did not soften her. She was used to men's tears. Part of her was ashamed that he had not, after all, thrown himself into the river. ‘Krystal told the police that you and she were in the bushes. You just left him to his own devices, did you?' Fats was speechless. He could not believe her cruelty. Did she not understand the desolation roaring inside him, the horror, the sense of contagion? ‘Well, I hope you have got her pregnant,' said Tessa. ‘It'll give her something to live for.' Every time they turned a corner, he thought that she was taking him home. He had feared Cubby most, but now there was nothing to choose between his parents. He wanted to get out of the car, but she had locked all the doors. Without warning, she swerved and braked. Fats, clutching the sides of his seat, saw that they were in a lay-by on the Yarvil bypass. Frightened that she would order him out of the car, he turned his swollen face to her. ‘Your birth mother,' she said, looking at him as she had never done before, without pity or kindness, ‘was fourteen years old. We had the impression, from what we were told, that she was middle class, quite a bright girl. She absolutely refused to say who your father was. Nobody knew whether she was trying to protect an under-age boyfriend or something worse. We were told all of this, in case you had any mental or physical difficulties. In case,' she said clearly, like a teacher trying to emphasize a point sure to come up in a test, ‘you had been the result of incest.' He cowered away from her. He would have preferred to be shot. ‘I was desperate to adopt you,' she said. ‘Desperate. But Dad was very ill. He said to me, â€Å"I can't do it. I'm scared I'll hurt a baby. I need to get better before we do this, and I can't do that and cope with a new baby as well.† ‘But I was so determined to have you,' said Tessa, ‘that I pressured him into lying, and telling the social workers that he was fine, and pretending to be happy and normal. We brought you home, and you were tiny and premature, and on the fifth night we had you, Dad slipped out of bed and went to the garage, put a hosepipe on the exhaust of the car and tried to kill himself, because he was convinced he'd smothered you. And he almost died. ‘So you can blame me,' said Tessa, ‘for your and Dad's bad start, and maybe you can blame me for everything that's come since. But I'll tell you this, Stuart. Your father's spent his life facing up to things he never did. I don't expect you to understand his kind of courage. But,' her voice broke at last, and he heard the mother he knew, ‘he loves you, Stuart.' She added the lie because she could not help herself. Tonight, for the first time, Tessa was convinced that it was a lie, and also that everything she had done in her life, telling herself that it was for the best, had been no more than blind selfishness, generating confusion and mess all around. But who could bear to know which stars were already dead, she thought, blinking up at the night sky; could anybody stand to know that they all were? She turned the key in the ignition, crashed the gears and they pulled out again onto the bypass. ‘I don't want to go to the Fields,' said Fats in terror. ‘We're not going to the Fields,' she said. ‘I'm taking you home.'

Codes and conventions for media studies Essay Example

Codes and conventions for media studies Essay Example Codes and conventions for media studies Paper Codes and conventions for media studies Paper I will be comparing the 4 local newspapers to 1 broadsheet and 1 national tabloid, looking at the level of competition, from the internet TV and radio, and seeking to input the news the public want to feel in the community also the advertising to be to help the needs of everyone. I believe Kilburn Times has a heritage and has a red headline connoting its status of bold, big and classy to 2 local communities Camden and Brent. For my Media project I will be analyzing 4 (national tabloid, and national broadsheet) local newspapers. I will analyze the codes and conventions in order to identify the product efficiently. I intend to publish, The Kilburn Telegraph as part of my observation in forecasting the latest and most recent stories and reports of that particular week. The main features of Willesden Brent Times are that it has a distinctive colour of red on black, in my analysis I selected four newspapers, one representing red top and one mid-market. The Willesden Brent Times and the Kilburn Times tend to take a conservative stance; with a serif type face connotes formality and more educated. Whereas Harrow Observer and The Wembley Observer tend to prefer visual rather than a lot of text, it type face is sans-serif connotes formality and tend to target the less educated group in society. The language presented on the 4 local papers tends to be written informal everyday language concentrating on the dramatic, and the shocking aspects of stories. The Harrow and Wembley observer use a splash with the headline spread over 2 columns, although The Brent Times papers focuses on a small image from a separate story with a kiker to make it of interest to the public. The local newspapers I analysed all have eye catching stories The Willesden Times contained a caption of biker died in tragic crash. The Wembley and Harrow observer were more detailed papers. Whereas with The Wembley observer containing 2 bullet points of the headline to reinforce the story No Jail Term Is Long Enough. The Kilburn Times headline was 80 thugs on the streets conveying the negative, shocking and scary aspects of the story be taking up the central page spread. The red colour suggests (importance). The promotion is suite deal furnishers, Jacobs free wine, win tickets to see the yoga show which is not related to the story. Whereas the Harrow and Wembley observers have a red poppy in memory of the soldiers and a advertisement of i 36 million revamp of borough leisure centers planned, and the diwali special is important for the newspaper. Willesden Brent Times contains one main story which dominates the front page with a small colored image of the victim. It contains white on black usually for headline about the brutal murder of this young boy, the story written in 3 columns, contains colloquial language such as: Dont, also the strap line uses capital letters COPS DONT CARE, using sans-serif connoting informality type face. The next local tabloid I analysed was The Wembley Observer which covers more serious issues, with more detailed information a splash was used with the grieving parents of the murdered son Ian Page, the caption states: they hold a picture of their murdered son. The Harrow Observer story is ROGUE ROCKET RUINS HOUSE in regards to a house which has been blown away by fireworks, the editor Ian Proctor uses the seriousness of the sunlight reflecting on to the blown off roof top of Rose Fagan the fallen victim. This drama covers the whole bottom of the page with white on black, with an advertisement on top unveiling the new leisure centre. The paragraphs and syntax (sentence structure) is short and buoyant. At the top there is a symbol of a poppy commemorating the loved ones who died in war. I researched into the Observer of Wembley; this had a lot of colour and many diverse issues about its upcoming society of the 21st century especially with the new arena Wembley stadium. It has a blue heading colour and covered different stories being a larger print newspaper than Willesden and Kilburn times (local newspaper). I will analyze the new opening of Kilburn library, and tourists perception of London at the Marriott hotel, I will speak to a local police officer about crime violence, such as car robbery, anti-social behaviour, burglary, drugs, and gang crime. I will talk to a local MP in Brent asking for their opinion on the new wheelie bins and their opinion on getting more people to recycle to make Brent greener. Finally I want assurance of the health side (Back page) Willesden sports centre, I will mention their current facilities, its just over a year since it was re-designed (gym, karate hall, indoor badminton, outdoor running, and a swimming pool) I will make a report on findings from my local community.